Seasonal characteristics of shock-producing injuries in road accidents on territory of coastal region in Russian arctic zone: descriptive study

OBJECTIVE. Determine seasonal characteristics of shock-producing trauma in road traffic injuries in the coastal region of the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. According to the criteria of the retrospective description of case series, there was analysis of medical record forms in patients with shock-producing injuries during the summer and winter periods of the year as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA).

RESULTS. Road traffic accidents with severe mechanical injuries, accompanied by shock, are more likely to occur in winter, mainly on federal highways. Men in the younger able-bodied category (up to 40) get injuries in the vast majority of cases. Concomitant injuries, mainly accompanied by shock of II degree, prevail among shock-producing trauma. The percentage of women increases among the injured in the summer period and there is a rise in the number of shock-producing injuries on local roads.

DISCUSSION. A significant increase in the risk of RTA and severe shock-producing injuries in winter are likely due to particular road conditions: a short period of natural light, frequent blizzards, strong winds, poor visibility and the ice formation on the road. It can be assumed that an increase in road accidents with severe medical consequences on local roads in summer is due to the fact that people actively leave for green and suburban areas of residential places, summer cottages and outdoor recreation at this time of year, and it means a rise in traffic density on roads, including local ones.

CONCLUSION. For the specification of organizational and therapeutic-tactical issues at the stages of treating shock-producing injuries in road accidents, it is important to pay attention to epidemiological features in specific regions of Russia, especially at the pre-hospital stage of emergency medical care. For instance, the vast majority of severe shock-producing injuries occurred in the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region in winter. This region is characterized by adverse weather and climate conditions and, consequently, ambulances should be equipped with innovative devices and products for local heating of the injured, as well as autonomous heating system for infusion therapy solutions.

marine medicine, coastal region, Arctic territory, traffic accident, injury, traumatic shock

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