Application of negative pressure on the lower part of the body for research and correction of body functions in clinical, extreme and experimental medicine

INTRODUCTION. Among the methods of hypobaric barotherapy a special place is taken by local decompression (LOD), in which the body is affected by pneumatic pulses of excessive negative pressure. The review presents physiological mechanisms and clinical results of LOD influence on the lower part of the body. High efficiency of LOD in complex therapy of various bone and joint pathologies, microcirculation disorders, prevention of pregnancy disorders, detoxification of the organism, etc. is known. Despite the proven high efficiency of LOD in complex therapy and prevention of various conditions and diseases, its therapeutic and preventive potential in the field of extreme and primarily diving medicine is still insufficiently disclosed.

OBJECTIVE. To determine the prospects of applying local decompression of the lower body part to increase the diver’s resistance to adverse factors of hyperbaria and prevention of diving diseases.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The review of works from scientometric databases and library collections was carried out. Literature sources were analyzed by key words and various sequences of their combinations in Russian and English. We selected 94 literary sources for 1959-2023, of which 59 works were included in the review. Of the works included in the review, 70% have been published within the last twenty years, 30% of the works - within the last ten years.

RESULTS. Physiological justification of LOD application mechanisms is based on the stretching (increase in length) of vessels. It was proven that there is a strong direct correlation between the increase of transmural pressure in vessels and the amount of pressure reduction in the barocamera during LOD. In space medicine negative pressure on the lower part of the body is used, which has shown its effectiveness both as a diagnostic and as a prophylactic means in the action of unfavorable factors of orbital flight. The use of LOD in sports medicine allows to increase the physical performance of athletes. High efficiency of LOD is demonstrated in the complex therapy of various bone and joint pathology, microcirculation disorders, prevention of pregnancy disorders and detoxification of the body. In veterinary medicine high efficiency of LOD is noted in complex treatment of bone fractures, neurological disorders and peripheral circulation disorders in domestic animals.

DISCUSSION. Most of the analyzed works contain information about direct and reflex mechanisms of LOD action on body tissues. To direct mechanisms of LOD action we can refer the increase of transmural pressure in superficial veins, and also increase of their capacity and blood filling. All other mechanisms of LOD action, in our opinion, can be referred to reflex mechanisms: insignificant change of central hemodynamics, increase of metabolism on the most different levels and increase of physical efficiency of the person.

CONCLUSION. The conducted literature analysis indicates sufficient efficiency of LOD use in various fields of clinical medicine and veterinary medicine. At the same time, the high potential of LOD in the field of diving medicine is not sufficiently disclosed. Nevertheless, it seems that LOD in the field of diving medicine can be used for diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.

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