State of cell morphofunctional systems under action of seafaring labour factors: experimental study

OBJECTIVE. Carry out morphological analysis of the tissues in the parenchymal organs after single x-ray exposure and in different intensity of decompressive venous gas embolism at the light-optical level.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was carried out on experimental models: mice (acute radiation sickness, simulated by single x-ray exposure with the lethal absorbed dose of 7,8 Gy) and guinea pigs (acute decompression sickness (DS) and recurrent decompressive venous gas embolism of different intensity). Organ fragments of the experimental animals were recorded at different periods after removing from the experiment and processed using transmission electron microscopy to make and analyze semifine sections. There was comparative morphological analysis of semifine section of the liver, renal cortex and respiratory lung field.

RESULTS. There have been revealed reactive changes in various cell differons of the main parenchymal organs: lungs, liver and kidney, most sensitive to such adverse effects as radiation exposure and different levels of decompressive venous gas embolism, specific to professional activity of the crew of surface vessels and submarines. Reactive tissue changes at the cellular level are the initial link in the formation of pathological processes. The analysis if semifine organ sections of mice and guinea pigs has revealed non-specific reactive changes: vacuolization of parenchyma cell cytoplasm, erythrocyte stasis in microvasculature vessels and the formation of specific lesions – gas bubbles in acute DS. Reactive changes, observed in severe exposure, are also detected in cells and at lower loads of the studied factors. Their nature remains, but intensity of morphological manifestations reduces.

DISCUSSION. Studies of morphological changes in structural and functional units of the organ in acute conditions and accumulation of “residual changes” in cells, causing a chronic disease, are necessary for the evidence-based correction of seafarers’ working environment in sub-extreme and extreme conditions of service.

CONCLUSION. Morphological studies with the use of light-optical microscopy reveal initial reactive changes in tissues and cells of experimental animals, subjected to adverse factors, characteristic to professional activity of marine specialists. This contributes to identify factors of seafaring labour, having the most adverse effect on the body, and allows to improve the prevention system, creating conditions for increasing professional longevity of fleet specialists.

marine medicine, decompressive venous gas embolism, radiation, nephron, lung, hepatocytes, light-optical microscopy, seafarers’ professional longevity

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