Prevention and treatment of jaw alveolitis in seafarers under long-term voyage: cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION. The jaw alveolitis in seafarers during long-term voyage is common, and issues of improving its prevention and treatment are an important medical and social problem of maritime medicine.

OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the incidence of the jaw alveolitis in seafarers under long-term voyage and improve efficacy of its prevention and treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study of the incidence of the jaw alveolitis, methods of its prevention and treatment was carried out, involving 118 seafarers, aged 19-42 under long-term voyage (9 months). In the first 3 month of sailing (I stage of the clinical trial; n = 56), dental extraction was performed by the standard procedure, while methods of alveolar socker protection were not used. In the next 3 months (II stage of the clinical trial; n = 62) dental extraction was also performed by the standard procedure, but it was completed, using preservative technique by coating the formed blood clot with one layer of adhesive gingival balm ASEPTA. To treat the jaw alveolitis at stage I of the clinical trial, there was curettage of the alveolar socket or, with the possibility of conservative treatment, the dental gel “Gerpenox” of domestic production was administered into the socket. For conservative treatment of alveolitis at stage II of the clinical trial, ASEPTA dental gel with propolis was used. Pain symptoms in a day as well as periods of time for filling the sockets of the extracted teeth with granulation tissue were taken into account to evaluate efficacy of conservative alveolitis treatment at the stages of the clinical trial.

RESULTS. During long-term voyage seafarers experience acute jaw alveolitis in 30,4 % of cases after tooth extraction in the absence of measures to conserve the socker. The use of generally accepted methods of conservative jaw alveolite treatment has enabled to eliminate pain symptom in seafarers within 10–12 hours after the start of treatment and to ensure filling of sockers with granulation tissue on the 8–12^th day. Socker conservation with the adhesive gingival balm has significantly reduced the incidence of alveolitis as complications of tooth extraction, and use of the gingival gel ASEPTA allowed to shorten the period of filling tooth sockers with granulation tissue by 1–3 days.

DISCUSSION. Use of new domestic means for preventing and treating acute jaw alveolitis by seafarers, occurring after tooth extraction, can significantly improve indicators on prevention and conservative treatment of this disease, mainly due to the technique of socker conservation and rational use of drugs for conservative alveolitis treatment. Use of the adhesive gingival balm ASEPTA for closing the socker after tooth extraction has reduced the incidence of acute jaw alveolitis by 19,07 %.

CONCLUSION. The study results have led to the conclusion about the value of the adhesive gingival balm ASEPTA and the gingival gel ASEPTA with propolis for maritime medicine, which can be used for prevention and treatment of the jaw alveolitis in seafarers during long-term voyage.

marine medicine, dental diseases, crew complement, teeth, chronic periodontitis, tooth extraction, jaw alveolitis, prevention of jaw alveolitis, treatment of jaw alveolitis

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