Epidemiological characteristics of ophthalmological diseases in adult population of novaya zemlya archipelago during polar night: descriptive study

OBJECTIVE. Give the epidemiological characteristics of ophthalmological diseases in the adult population of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago during the polar night.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. There was the analysis of ophthalmological morbidity in the adult population of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago during the polar night from November, 20, 2019 to January, 20, 2022. The studied contingent: men, aged 18-55 (n = 1630) and women, aged 22-45 (n = 698), living in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.

RESULTS. 352 visits to a doctor on the ophthalmological profile were recorded during the study period in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago: 83 – in 2019, 98 – in 2020, 80 – in 2021 and 91 – 2022. The ration of ophthalmological morbidity in the adult population of the Novaya Zemlya during the polar night was в 38,2 % – in 2019, 39,9 % – in 2020, 38,2 % – in 2021 and 39,6 % – in 2022. The structure of ophthalmological morbidity on nosological groups is presented as follows: 76,7 % – conjunctival diseases, 11 % – eyelid diseases, 7,4 % – refractive errors, 2 % – diseases of the lacrimal apparatus, 1,7 % – lens diseases, 0,6 % – corneal diseases, 0,6 % – retinal diseases.

DISCUSSION. The analysis has shown that the highest ratio in the structure of long-term annual average ophthalmological morbidity in the adult population of the Novaya Zemlya is observed during the polar night – 1^st rank place (the rate of 95 % confidence: from 34,6 to 40,6 ‰). Pathology of inflammatory genesis is 87,8 %. Diseases of the non-inflammatory nature are mainly represented by refractive disorders (7,4 %) and to a lesser extent – pathology of metabolic processes in the body (4,8 %).

CONCLUSION. It is bellieved that ophthalmological morbidity is 23% higher during the polar night than in other light periods of the year. It is determined that в the major risk factors for ophthalmological pathology during the polar night are the lack of natural light, low sub-zero temperature and reduced body reactivity due to hypovitaminosis.

marine medicine, polar night, morbidity, Extreme North, arctic climate, Arctic, visual organ, eye disease

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