Dymanics of processes of psychological adaptation to educational process in students of humanities university: retrospective study

OBJECTIVE. Study the dynamics of the processes of psychological adaptation to the educational process in student of Humanities University.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. There was screening of 90 people, aged 17-21, who entered their first year at Humanities University. Monitoring was performed annually for 4 years of study. Research methods: questionnaire, shortened multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) in the adaptation by V. P. Zaytsev and V. N. Kozyula (1981), Accentuated radical questionnaire (B. V. Ovchinnikov, I. V. Tyuryapina, 2016), Leonhard personality questionnaire.

RESULTS. It was found that about half of the screened named the desire to become an expert in the chosen sphere as the main reason for enrolling at a higher educational institute. In our trial 73 people (82 %) reached the final year of study. Depending on the year of study, it should be underlined that the most frequent reason for expulsion in the first year was reluctance to continue their education, which gradually decreased with each year as well as exclusion due to low performance; expulsion for disciplinary offences increased in the second year of study. The analysis of accentuated radicals, obtained from students, shows that Humanities Universities are dominated by the number of students with hyperthymic type and their number increases over time, with a simultaneous reduction in hypothymic personal manifestations. The predictor of the student’s expulsion was a combination of indicators: the motivation to become an expert, the number of absences, personal radicals – psychasthenic and hyperthymic one. Yet, the psychasthenic personal radical is significantly more expressed in the expelled students, and they have significantly more absences. The graduated students have more expressed hyperthymic personal radical and they have a significantly higher motivation to become experts in the chosen sphere.

DISCUSSION. The research results support the view of other scientists on a transformation of personal characteristics in the process of activity. It is shown that в Humanities Universities are dominated by student with hyperthymic personal radicals and their number increase over time that may be explained by conditional desire of character traits, peculiar to “hyperthym”: activity, sociability, vitality, rapid adaptation to changing conditions, etc. Psychasthenic personal radical has a decreasing tendency during the course of study that might be caused by a reduction in the general level of anxiety, which was increased in this type of personality during the period of adaptation to the new learning environment. It is also possible that students with the leading psychasthenic radical had failed to adapt to studying at the university and were expelled.

CONCLUSION. The main factors, affecting professional orientation and success of learning activity, are personality’s motivational attitudes. There is a natural dropout rate of students with certain personality traits, preventing successful adaptation in the group in the educational process.

marine medicine, student, professional adaptation, neuropsychic resistance, personal radical, accentuation

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