Infectious diseases – one of leading health challenges

OBJECTIVE. To analyze morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in the world and Russia, to evaluate their role in factors determining public health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. There has been analysis of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar database in 30 years, from 1993 to 2023. The search was carried out by keywords infectious diseases, epidemiology, risk factors, morbidity, mortality, prevention.

RESULTS. Acute infectious disease of an especially dangerous group (plague, cholera), typhoid fever and typhus, devastating until the twentieth century, have been significantly reduced, smallpox was eradicated at the planetary level. However, prevalence of infectious diseases in Russia has remained high in the last hundred years without the tendency for reduction due to change in the nosological form. There is the growth trend of diseases of viral etiology in the world. Acute respiratory viral infections (вирусы по планете распространяются «со скоростью самолета») take up to 90 % in the overall morbidity. Preventive vaccination remains an available, effective and economically feasible way to fight against infectious diseases. Unfortunately, 20 % of mothers are opposed to their children’s vaccination.

DISCUSSION. Infectiology issues of recent years are characterized by the following notions: “new and recurrent infections”, “tripledemic”, “antibiotic resistance”, “pathogens of pandemic potential”, attesting to increased pressure of infectious diseases on humanity and first of all as the price paid for progressive growth of population on the planet and its density as well as growth of harmful environmental factors and lifestyle (inactivity, obesity) with suppressive effect on the immune system and nonspecific defense factor. In Russia a growing tendency of countering preventive vaccination is one of significant factors, reducing the effectiveness of the fight against infectious diseases.

CONCLUSION. Health of the Russian population heavily depends on widespread infectious diseases without the tendency for reduction. A specific weight of infectious diseases of viral etiology is increasing at the planetary level, including the appearance of nosological forms with potential pandemic spread.

marine medicine, infectious diseases, epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, vaccination

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