Vitamin B₁₂-deficient anemia

INTRODUCTION. В₁₂-deficient anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia due to the violation in the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin, caused by impaired DNA synthesis, the hemolysis of erythrocytes, low regeneration of hemopoiesis, and is characterized by macrocytosis and hypertrophy.

OBJECTIVE. Updating and systematization of data on kinetics, metabolism of vitamin В₁₂ in the body and the causes of their violation as well as diagnosis and treatment of В₁₂-deficient anemia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The search was conducted through the international RSCI database, PubMed for 1991–2024. The query words: vitamin В₁₂, cyanocobalamin. 29 works were selected, at least 80 % of which have been published for the last 10 years.

RESULTS. The work shows the role of active coenzymes of vitamin В₁₂ (methylcobalamin, deoxyadenosylcobalamin) and their deficiencies in emerging hematological, gastroenterological and neuropsychological syndromes with В₁₂-deficient anemia. The incidence of detecting autoimmune antibodies to internal factors and vitamin В₁₂ deficiency increases with the age of patients. It is important to assess the initial level of vitamin В₁₂ in the diagnosis of anemia before starting therapy, which decreases less than 140 pg/ml with anemia.

DISCUSSION. The leading cause of vitamin В₁₂ deficiency is the violation in the formation of the intrinsic factor of an autoimmune nature or after gastrectomy. Effective treatment might include pathogenetic therapy with cyanocobalamin and its preferred prescription of 100–200 µg in a day for 1–1,5 month.

CONCLUSION. В₁₂-deficient anemia is often caused by an autoimmune nature or stomach gastrectomy, which frequency increases with age, but it is effectively corrected by vitamin В₁₂.

marine medicine, anemia, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, adenosylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, intrinsic factor, vitamin В12

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