WORLDWIDE EPIDEMICS AND MARINE MEDICINE - PERCEWPTION OF EVENTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF PANDEMIC COVID-19

Epidemics always accompanied humanity at all historic stages, that wielded major influence on development and demographical indices. Coronavirus infections with respiratory syndrome represented by epidemic foci appeared in human civilization and were identified as SARS and MERS from the beginning of the century. Newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 took the form of pandemic and made adjustments in various branches of activity coming under the scrutiny of specialists of many spheres of activity. The lecture showed some features of newly coronavirus infections, ways of spread and transfer of the virus. It was marked that seaport towns and closed premises with a large number of people on ships and civil and war ships are the most vulnerable places for the spread of COVID-19. Examples of transmitting the infection on civil and war ships as well as issues of restricting the infection and treatment of infected people in sea were described. Russian and foreign health organizations developed recommendations, governments of states designed instructions and other information materials on COVID-19 and marine sector for prevention of spread of newly coronavirus infection on civil and war ships. Throughout the year, the first experience of marine medicine was gained and it allowed to avoid a lot of tactical and clinical mistakes.

1. Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X. et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. March 26, 2020 // N. Engl. J. Med. 2020. Vol. 382. Р. 1199–1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.

2. Avdeev S.N. Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Influenza A / H1N1 Virus. Pulmonology. Application, 2010, No. 1, рр. 32–46 (In Russ.).

3. Belyakov N.A., Trofimova T.N., Kulagina E.N., Mityurin D.V. In the wake of world epidemics. From the Justinian plague to the coronavirus. The medicine. Story. Culture. St. Petersburg: ANO ROSSIKA «Liki», 280 р. (In Russ.).

4. COVID-19. The beginning of the epidemic / ed. S.F.Bagnenko, N.A.Belyakov. St. Petersburg: Baltic Medical Educational Center, 2020, 360 p. (In Russ.).

5. COVID-19. Evolution of a pandemic / ed. O.N.Belyakova, S.F.Bagnenko. Saint Petersburg: Baltic Medical Educational Center, 2021, 410 p. (In Russ.).

6. Bilichenko T.N., Chuchalin A.G. Morbidity and mortality of the population of Russia from acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia and vaccine prophylaxis. Therapeutic archive, 2018, Vol. 90, No. 1, рр. 22–26 (In Russ.).

7. Yu P., Zhu J., Zhang Z., Han Y., Huang L. A familial cluster of infection associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating potential person-to-person t ransmission during the incubation period // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. Vol. 221, Iss. 11. P. 1757–1761. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa077.

8. Interim guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 10 (02/08/2021) (In Russ.).

9. Wei M., Yuan J., Liu Y., Fu T., Yu X., Zhang Z.J. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China // JAMA. 2020. Apr. 7. Vol. 323, No 13. Р. 1313–1314. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2131.

10. Simbirtsev S.A., Belyakov N.A. Microembolism of the lungs. Leningrad: publishing house Medicine, 1986, 216 p. (In Russ.).

11. Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D.Y., Chen L. Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19 // JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, No. 14. Р. 1406–1407. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2565.

12. Zou L., Ruan F., Huang M., Liang L., Huang H., Hong Z. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients // N. Engl. J. Med. 2020. Vol. 382. Р. 1177–1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.

13. Galkin A.A., Demidova V.S. The central role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury syndrome (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Advances in modern biology, 2014, Vol. 134, No. 4, pp. 377–394 (In Russ.).

14. Korovin A.E., Novitsky A.A., Makarov D.A. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Current state of the problem. Clinical pathophysiology, 2018, Vol. 24, No. 2, рр. 32–41 (In Russ.).

15. Hui D.S., Azhar E., Madani T.A., Ntoumi F., Kock R., Dar O. et al. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. Vol. 91, рр. 264–266. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009.

16. Bobkova M.R. Biology of HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus — medicine / ed. O.N.Belyakova, A.G.Rakhmanova. St. Petersburg: Baltic Medical Educational Center, 2010, рр. 17–70 (In Russ.).

17. Trofimova T.N., Andropova P.L., Savintseva Zh.I., Belyakov N.A. Neuroradiology in the acute phase of coronavirus infection — COVID-19. HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders, 2021, No. 2 [in press] (In Russ.).

18. Li X.C., Zhang J., Zhuo J.L. The vasoprotective axes of the renin-angiotensin system: physiological relevance and therapeutic implications in cardiovascular, hypertensive and kidney diseases // Pharmacological Research. 2017. Vol. 125, Part A. P. 21–38. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.06.005.

19. Wan Y., Shang J., Baric G.R., Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decadelong structural studies of SARS // Journal Virology. 2020, pp. 1–9 (published online Jan 29.). doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.

20. Zubair A.S., McAlpine L.S., Gardin T., Farhadian S., Kuruvilla D.E., Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis and Neurologic Manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019 // JAMA Neurology, 2020, 77 (8). Р. 1018–1027. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065.

21. Chuchalin A.G., Sinopalnikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults // Clinical microbiology and antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2015, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 84–126 (In Russ.).

22. Svetlitskaya O.I., Sirosh Yu.A., Blatun V.P., Kanus I.I. The risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with out-of-hospital viral-bacterial pneumonia. Emergency Medicine, 2018, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 564– 569. (In Russ.).

23. Mosyagin I.G., Korolev O.A., Kutashov V.V., Chirkov D.V. A set of measures to prevent the introduction and spread of a new coronavirus infection on ships and vessels of the Navy. Marine Medicine, 2020, Vol. 6, No. 2, рр. 93–99 (In Russ.).