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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2025-11-2-38-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NKMSTE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Организация проведения цитогенетической дозиметрии ветеранов подразделений особого риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Organization of cytogenetic dosimetry for veterans of special risk units</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-5192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Першина Елена Игоревна – младший научный сотрудник, главный врач, Центр промышленной и морской медицины</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, просп. Ленинский, д. 101, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Pershina – Junior Researcher, Chief Physician, Center for Industrial and Marine Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg, Leninsky Ave., 101, building 5</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pershina.ei@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-8166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>Ju. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворова Юлия Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, начальник научно-образовательного управления, заведующий отделением рентгеноструктурных методов исследования</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Культуры, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia V. Suvorova – Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific and Educational Department, Head of the Department of X-ray Diffraction Research Methods</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Culture Ave., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juliavsuvorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9645-8408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратников</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratnikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ратников Вячеслав Альбертович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель генерального директора – медицинский директор</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Культуры, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav A. Ratnikov – Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy General Director – Medical Director</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Culture Ave., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ratnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1563-5255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москалева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskaleva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москалева Светлана Сергеевна – Заслуженный врач РФ, заместитель медицинского директора по амбулаторно-поликлинической работе</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Культуры, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Moskaleva – Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Deputy Medical Director for Outpatient Work</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Culture Ave., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moss261966@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-7029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелов Виктор Павлович – кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач, Клиническая больница 122</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Культуры, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor P. Gorelov – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician, Clinical Hospital 122</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Culture Ave., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpgorelov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3854-9493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куус</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuus</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куус Ева Андреевна – начальник отдела радиационной безопасности</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, просп. Культуры, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eva A. Kuus – Head of the Radiation Safety Department</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Culture Ave., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuus.e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный окружной научно-клинический центр имени Л. Г. Соколова Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Першина Е.И., Суворова Ю.В., Ратников В.А., Москалева С.С., Горелов В.П., Куус Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Першина Е.И., Суворова Ю.В., Ратников В.А., Москалева С.С., Горелов В.П., Куус Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pershina E.I., Suvorova J.V., Ratnikov V.A., Moskaleva S.S., Gorelov V.P., Kuus E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/817">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/817</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Природное (фоновое) ионизирующее излучение испытывают все жители Земли. Его воздействие компенсируется возможностями организма. Ионизирующее излучение ядерных технологий имеет техногенную природу. Для его компенсации требуется участие медицинских организаций, оказывающих помощь лицам, подвергшимся такому воздействию. Статья содержит данные медицинской литературы, авторские комментарии и оценки по теме применения методик цитогенетического исследования для анализа результатов воздействия ионизирующего излучения ядерных технологий (ВИИЯТ).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Определить методы цитогенетической дозиметрии для оценки доз ионизирующего излучения ядерных технологий, полученных ветеранами подразделений особого риска, проходившими службу на атомных подводных лодках и испытательных полигонах.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В качестве цитирования использовались портал «Научная электронная библиотека» eLIBRARY.RU и база данных медицинских и биологических публикаций PubMed. Для поиска русскоязычных источников применялись запросы: лимфоциты периферической крови; аберрации хромосом; биологическая дозиметрия; дицентрик; цитогенетическая дозиметрия. Поиск данных в базе PubMed осуществлялся по запросам Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Chromosome Aberrations, Biological Dosimetry, Dicentrics, Cytogenetic Dosimetry. Исследовались публикации за период 1947–2020 гг. Проанализировано 55 публикаций.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Рассмотрены методы проведения цитогенетической дозиметрии, применяемые в настоящее время. Определены методы, подходящие для организации цитогенетического обследования ветеранов подразделений особого риска. Определены границы применимости методов цитогенетической дозиметрии и принципы отбора лиц из состава рассматриваемого контингента для организации обследования.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Рассмотрены некоторые трудности при проведении цитогенетической дозиметрии и интерпретации ее результатов с учетом неочевидных факторов, таких как порог чувствительности применяемого метода и использование лучевой терапии при оказании медицинской помощи обследуемым лицам.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Отмечена роль цитогенетической дозиметрии в восполнении зачастую отсутствующей информации о полученной физической дозе ВИИЯТ на лиц, профессионально причастных к ситуации. Отобран основной метод проведения цитогенетической дозиметрии для применения при оказании медицинской и социальной помощи ветеранам подразделений особого риска.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Natural (background) ionizing radiation is experienced by all inhabitants of the Earth. Its impact is compensated by the body’s capabilities. Ionizing radiation from nuclear technologies is of man-made nature. Its compensation requires the involvement of medical organizations that provide assistance to persons exposed to such effects. The article contains data of medical literature, author’s comments and assessments on the topic of applying cytogenetic research techniques to analyze the results of exposure to ionizing radiation of nuclear technologies (IRNT).</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. To determine the methods of cytogenetic dosimetry for assessment of nuclear ionizing radiation doses received by veterans of special risk units who served on nuclear submarines and test sites.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The portal “Scientific Electronic Library” eLIBRARY.RU and the database of medical and biological publications PubMed were used as citations. The following queries were used to search Russianlanguage sources: peripheral blood lymphocytes; chromosome aberrations; biological dosimetry; dicentric; cytogenetic dosimetry. Data in the PubMed database were searched using the queries Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Chromosome Aberrations, Biological Dosimetry, Dicentrics, Cytogenetic Dosimetry. Publications from the period 1947-2020 were examined. 55 publications were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The methods of cytogenetic dosimetry currently used are considered. The methods suitable for organization of cytogenetic examination of veterans of special risk units are determined. The limits of applicability of cytogenetic dosimetry methods and the principles of selecting persons from the contingent under consideration for organizing the examination are determined.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. Some difficulties in performing cytogenetic dosimetry and interpreting its results are considered, taking into account non-obvious factors, such as the sensitivity threshold of the applied method and the use of radiation therapy when providing medical care to the subjects.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. It is noted the role of cytogenetic dosimetry in replenishing the often missing information on the received physical dose of IRNT on the persons professionally involved in the situation. The main method of cytogenetic dosimetry was selected for use in providing medical and social assistance to veterans of special risk units.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>цитогенетическая дозиметрия</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты периферической крови</kwd><kwd>аберрации хромосом</kwd><kwd>дицентрики</kwd><kwd>биологическая дозиметрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>cytogenetic dosimetry</kwd><kwd>peripheral blood lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>chromosome aberrations</kwd><kwd>dicentrics</kwd><kwd>biological dosimetry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Першина Е. И. Организация медицинской помощи ветеранам подразделений особого риска Российской Федерации // Вестник Ивановской медицинской академии. 2020. Т. 25, № 2. С. 18–22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pershina E. I. 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