<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2023-9-4-26-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-691</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Химический состав морских водорослей и их медико-биологические свойства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chemical composition of seaweed and its medical-biological properties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачёв</surname><given-names>Анатолий Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>Anatoly L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры валеологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr of Sci. (Biol.), Professor of the Department of Valeology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gor000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-6479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубасов</surname><given-names>Роман Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubasov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент, кафедры мобилизационной подготовки здравоохранения и медицины катастроф федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the Department of Mobilization Training</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanas2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Eastern State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбачёв А.Л., Кубасов Р.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбачёв А.Л., Кубасов Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbachev A.L., Kubasov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/691">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/691</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Морские водоросли, наряду со всеми остальными водными биологическими ресурсами, имеют огромную хозяйственную и экономическую значимость для всех стран мирового сообщества. Благодаря положительным эффектам биологически активных веществ, содержащихся в них, они широко используются в качестве биологически активных добавок, лекарственных средств, гидроколлоидов (агары, альгинаты, каррагинаны).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. На основе литературных данных изучить современные знания о химическом составе морских водорослей и их медико-биологических свойствах, которые могут быть использованы человеком.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Использованы литературные источники из международных баз данных Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary за 25 лет. Ключевые слова в поисковой системе: морские водоросли, биохимический состав, биологически активные свойства, медицинское значение.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Химический состав морских водорослей обусловлен их средой обитания. Они содержат практически все химические элементы, присутствующие в морской воде. Благодаря положительным биологическим эффектам морские водоросли широко используются человеком, особенно в медицине. Среди органических соединений морские водоросли богаты как полисахаридами, липидами, белковыми соединениями, так и витаминами. Основная доля полисахаридов принадлежит альгиновой кислоте и фукоидану. Альгинаты обладают противовоспалительными, сорбирующими и репаративными свойствами, нормализуют обмен веществ. Фукоиданы оказывают антикоагулянтный, антиоксидантный эффекты, ингибируют проникновение вирусов в клетки ткани.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Морские водоросли богаты белковыми соединениями. Они содержат все незаменимые аминокислоты. Помимо этого, в морских водорослях обнаружены все классы жирных кислот (особенно полиненасыщенных). Наконец, в морских водорослях, подобно наземным растениям, синтезируются многие как водорастворимые, так и жирорастворимые витамины: аскорбиновая кислота, токоферолы, каротины, тиамины, кобаламины и т. д.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Морские водоросли можно считать уникальным поставщиком биологически активных компонентов: минералов, белков, полисахаридов, полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, витаминов. Их использование оправдано лечебно-профилактическими целями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>RELEVANCE</title><p>RELEVANCE. Seaweed, along with all the other aquatic biological resources, is of great economic importance for all countries of the world community. Due to positive effects of biologically active substances, contained therein, it is widely used as dietary supplements, drugs, hydrocolloids (agar, alginates, carrageenan).</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. Based on literature data to study current knowledge about the chemical composition of seaweed and its medical-biological properties, which can be used in life activity.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used literature sources from international databases Web of Science, Scopus as well as the national library system eLibrary. The keywords in the search engine: seaweed, biochemical composition, biologically active properties, medical importance.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The chemical composition of seaweed is due to its habitat. It contains practically all chemical elements, present in seawater. Because of beneficial biological effects, seaweed is widely used by humans, especially in medicine. Among organic compounds seaweed is rich in polysaccharides, lipids, protein compounds as well as vitamins. The main part of polysaccharides belongs to alginic acid and fucoidan. Alginates have anti-inflammatory, sorption and reparative properties, normalize metabolism. Fucoidans have anticoagulant and antioxidant effect, inhibit penetration of viruses into tissue cells.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. Seaweed is rich in protein compounds. It contains all essential amino acids. Moreover, all classes of fatty acid (especially polyunsaturated) are found in seaweed. Lastly, many water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins are synthesized in seaweed, like plants on land: ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenes, thiamine, cobalamins, etc.</p><p>It is concluded that seaweed can be considered a unique supplier of biologically active components: minerals, proteins, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fats and vitamins. Its use is justified with therapeutic and preventive purposes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>морские водоросли</kwd><kwd>биоэлементы</kwd><kwd>полисахариды</kwd><kwd>липиды</kwd><kwd>белки</kwd><kwd>витамины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>seaweed</kwd><kwd>bioelements</kwd><kwd>polysaccharides</kwd><kwd>lipids</kwd><kwd>proteins</kwd><kwd>vitamins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown E. S., Allsopp P. J., Magee P. J., Gill C. I., Nitecki S., Strain C. R., McSorley E. M. Seaweed and human health. Nutr Rev. 2014. Vol. 72, №3. pp. 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown E. S., Allsopp P. J., Magee P. J., Gill C. I., Nitecki S., Strain C. R., McSorley E. M. Seaweed and human health. Nutr Rev. 2014. Vol. 72, №3. pp. 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rebours C., Marinho-Soriano E., Zertuche-González J. A. Seaweeds: an opportunity for wealth and sustainable livelihood for coastal communities. J Appl Phycol, 2014, Vol. 26, № 5, 1939–1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0304-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebours C., Marinho-Soriano E., Zertuche-González J. A. Seaweeds: an opportunity for wealth and sustainable livelihood for coastal communities. J Appl Phycol, 2014, Vol. 26, № 5, 1939–1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0304-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halim O. G. L., Rachmasari A. W. Farming Production Analysis of Seaweed and Farmer’s Perception towards Climate Change Effect in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Pak, J Biol Sci, 2020, Vol. 23, № 8, pp. 1004–1009. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2020.1004.1009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halim O. G. L., Rachmasari A. W. Farming Production Analysis of Seaweed and Farmer’s Perception towards Climate Change Effect in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Pak, J Biol Sci, 2020, Vol. 23, № 8, pp. 1004–1009. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2020.1004.1009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишканова М. С., Никифоров А. И. Современная практика использования альгоресурсов в Российской Федерации: тенденции и возможности // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2023. T. 31, № 1. C. 127–136 [Shishkanova M. S., Nikiforov A. I. Modern practice of algal resources exploitation in the Russian Federation: trends and opportunities. RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2023, Vol. 31, № 1, pp. 127–136 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2023-31-1-127-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шишканова М. С., Никифоров А. И. Современная практика использования альгоресурсов в Российской Федерации: тенденции и возможности // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2023. T. 31, № 1. C. 127–136 [Shishkanova M. S., Nikiforov A. I. Modern practice of algal resources exploitation in the Russian Federation: trends and opportunities. RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2023, Vol. 31, № 1, pp. 127–136 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2023-31-1-127-136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аминина Н. М. Сравнительная характеристика бурых водорослей прибрежной зоны Дальнего Востока // Известия ТИНРО. 2015. T. 182, № 3. C. 258–268 [Aminina N. M. Comparative description of brown algae from the coastal zone of Far East. Izvestiya TINRO. 2015, Vol. 182, № 3, pp. 258–268 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-182-258-268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аминина Н. М. Сравнительная характеристика бурых водорослей прибрежной зоны Дальнего Востока // Известия ТИНРО. 2015. T. 182, № 3. C. 258–268 [Aminina N. M. Comparative description of brown algae from the coastal zone of Far East. Izvestiya TINRO. 2015, Vol. 182, № 3, pp. 258–268 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-182-258-268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евсеева Н. В. К флоре морских водорослей прибрежной зоны северо-востока Охотского моря // Новости системы низших растений. 2018. T. 52, № 1. C. 63–73 [Evseeva N. V. Contribution to the flora of marine algae of the coastal zone of the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. News of the lower plant system. 2018, Vol. 52, № 1, pp. 63–73 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2018.52.1.63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Евсеева Н. В. К флоре морских водорослей прибрежной зоны северо-востока Охотского моря // Новости системы низших растений. 2018. T. 52, № 1. C. 63–73 [Evseeva N. V. Contribution to the flora of marine algae of the coastal zone of the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. News of the lower plant system. 2018, Vol. 52, № 1, pp. 63–73 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2018.52.1.63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малавенда С. В., Шошина Е. В., Капков В. И. Видовое разнообразие макроводорослей в различных районах Баренцева моря // Вестник МГТУ. 2017. T 20, № 2. C. 336–351 [Malavenda S. V., Shoshina E. V., Kapkov V. I. Species diversity of seaweeds in different areas of the Barents Sea. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University, 2017, Vol. 20, № 2, pp. 336–351 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-2-336-351].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Малавенда С. В., Шошина Е. В., Капков В. И. Видовое разнообразие макроводорослей в различных районах Баренцева моря // Вестник МГТУ. 2017. T 20, № 2. C. 336–351 [Malavenda S. V., Shoshina E. V., Kapkov V. I. Species diversity of seaweeds in different areas of the Barents Sea. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University, 2017, Vol. 20, № 2, pp. 336–351 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-2-336-351].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogolitsyn K., Dobrodeeva L., Parshina A., Samodova A. In vitro and in vivo activities of polyphenol extracts from Arctic brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. J Appl Phycol. 2021, № 33, pp. 2597–2608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02450-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogolitsyn K., Dobrodeeva L., Parshina A., Samodova A. In vitro and in vivo activities of polyphenol extracts from Arctic brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. J Appl Phycol. 2021, № 33, pp. 2597–2608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02450-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez M. J., Falqué E., Domínguez H. Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed. Mar. Drugs. 2016, Vol. 14, № 3, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14030052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez M. J., Falqué E., Domínguez H. Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed. Mar. Drugs. 2016, Vol. 14, № 3, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14030052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разина Т. Г., Рыбалкина О. Ю., Лопатина К. А. Сравнительная оценка эффективности различных форм альгинатов в условиях онкологического эксперимента // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2011. T. 152, № 8. C. 191–196. [Razina T. G., Rybalkina O. Yu., Lopatina K. A. Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of various alginate forms under conditions of an oncological experiment. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2011, Vol. 152, № 8, pp. 191–196 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-011-1496-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Разина Т. Г., Рыбалкина О. Ю., Лопатина К. А. Сравнительная оценка эффективности различных форм альгинатов в условиях онкологического эксперимента // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2011. T. 152, № 8. C. 191–196. [Razina T. G., Rybalkina O. Yu., Lopatina K. A. Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of various alginate forms under conditions of an oncological experiment. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2011, Vol. 152, № 8, pp. 191–196 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-011-1496-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Табакаева О. В., Табакаев А. В. Биологически активные вещества потенциально промысловых бурых водорослей Дальневосточного региона // Вопросы питания. 2016. T. 85, № 3. C. 126–132 [Tabakaeva O. V., Tabakaev A. V. Biologically active agents of potential trade brown seaweed of the Far East Region. Nutrition issues, 2016, Vol. 85, № 3, pp. 126–132 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2016-00044].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Табакаева О. В., Табакаев А. В. Биологически активные вещества потенциально промысловых бурых водорослей Дальневосточного региона // Вопросы питания. 2016. T. 85, № 3. C. 126–132 [Tabakaeva O. V., Tabakaev A. V. Biologically active agents of potential trade brown seaweed of the Far East Region. Nutrition issues, 2016, Vol. 85, № 3, pp. 126–132 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2016-00044].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li H. Y., Guo S., Yan H. Content and distribution of inorganic elements in Laminaria japonica based on ICP-MS and Micro-XRF. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 2022, Vol. 47, № 2, pp. 444–452. https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210803.203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li H. Y., Guo S., Yan H. Content and distribution of inorganic elements in Laminaria japonica based on ICP-MS and Micro-XRF. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 2022, Vol. 47, № 2, pp. 444–452. https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210803.203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинченко С. Ю., Смыкалова А. С., Ворслов Л. О. Препараты на основе бурых водорослей: биологические свойства, возможности применения в медицине и диетологии // Вопросы диетологии. 2019. T. 9, № 1. C. 25–32 [Kalinchenko S. Yu., Smykalova A. S., Vorslov L. O. Brown seaweed preparations: biological properties, potential for using in medicine and dietetics. Nutrition issues (Nutrition), 2019, Vol. 9, № 1, pp. 25–32 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2019-1-25-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калинченко С. Ю., Смыкалова А. С., Ворслов Л. О. Препараты на основе бурых водорослей: биологические свойства, возможности применения в медицине и диетологии // Вопросы диетологии. 2019. T. 9, № 1. C. 25–32 [Kalinchenko S. Yu., Smykalova A. S., Vorslov L. O. Brown seaweed preparations: biological properties, potential for using in medicine and dietetics. Nutrition issues (Nutrition), 2019, Vol. 9, № 1, pp. 25–32 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2019-1-25-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова В. А., Фидоровская Ю. С., Хлыстова Т. С., Кильдеева Н. Р. Производные альгиновой кислоты: особенности строения, свойства и перспективы использования в медицине // Промышленные процессы и технологии. 2022. Vol. 7, № 5. C. 64–79 [Zakharova V. A., Fidorovskaya Yu. S., Khlystova T. S., Kildeeva N. R. Alginic acid derivatives: structural features, properties and prospects for medicine use. Industrial processes and Technologies, 2022, Vol. 7, № 5, pp. 64–79 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2022-2-5(7)-64-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захарова В. А., Фидоровская Ю. С., Хлыстова Т. С., Кильдеева Н. Р. Производные альгиновой кислоты: особенности строения, свойства и перспективы использования в медицине // Промышленные процессы и технологии. 2022. Vol. 7, № 5. C. 64–79 [Zakharova V. A., Fidorovskaya Yu. S., Khlystova T. S., Kildeeva N. R. Alginic acid derivatives: structural features, properties and prospects for medicine use. Industrial processes and Technologies, 2022, Vol. 7, № 5, pp. 64–79 (In Rus.)]. https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2022-2-5(7)-64-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ficko-Blean E., Hervé C., Michel G. Sweet and sour sugars from the sea: the biosynthesis and remodeling of sulfated cell wall polysaccharides from marine macroalgae. Perspectives in Phycology, 2015, Vol. 2, № 1, 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1127/pip/2015/0028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ficko-Blean E., Hervé C., Michel G. Sweet and sour sugars from the sea: the biosynthesis and remodeling of sulfated cell wall polysaccharides from marine macroalgae. Perspectives in Phycology, 2015, Vol. 2, № 1, 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1127/pip/2015/0028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cifuentes J. D., Sparkman J., Graham D. Y. Management of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with autoimmune gastritis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2022, Vol. 38, № 6, pp. 600–606. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cifuentes J. D., Sparkman J., Graham D. Y. Management of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with autoimmune gastritis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2022, Vol. 38, № 6, pp. 600–606. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000878</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">André R. E., Pacheco R., Bourbon M., Serralheiro M. L. Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review. Foods, 2021, Vol. 10, № 2, pp. 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">André R. E., Pacheco R., Bourbon M., Serralheiro M. L. Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review. Foods, 2021, Vol. 10, № 2, pp. 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебренникова Е. С., Давыдова В. Л., Гурина С. В., Иозеп А. А. Изучение антимикробной активности некоторых производных альгиновой кислоты // Проблемы медицинской микологии. 2013. T. 15, № 4. C. 60–62 [Serebrennikova E. S., Davydova V. L., Gurina S.V ., Iozep A. A Studying of antimicrobial activity of some derivatives of alginic acid. Problems of medical mycology, 2013, Vol. 15, № 4, pp. 60–62 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Серебренникова Е. С., Давыдова В. Л., Гурина С. В., Иозеп А. А. Изучение антимикробной активности некоторых производных альгиновой кислоты // Проблемы медицинской микологии. 2013. T. 15, № 4. C. 60–62 [Serebrennikova E. S., Davydova V. L., Gurina S.V ., Iozep A. A Studying of antimicrobial activity of some derivatives of alginic acid. Problems of medical mycology, 2013, Vol. 15, № 4, pp. 60–62 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long S. H., Yu Z. Q., Shuai L. The hypoglycemic effect of the kelp on diabetes mellitus model induced by alloxan in rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 2012, Vol. 13, № 3, pp. 3354–3365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13033354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long S. H., Yu Z. Q., Shuai L. The hypoglycemic effect of the kelp on diabetes mellitus model induced by alloxan in rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 2012, Vol. 13, № 3, pp. 3354–3365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13033354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balasubramanian U. M., Vaiyazhipalayam M.S., Marimuthu T. Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI), Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using modified Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020, Vol. 27, № 17, pp. 20648–20662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06357-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balasubramanian U. M., Vaiyazhipalayam M.S., Marimuthu T. Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI), Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using modified Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020, Vol. 27, № 17, pp. 20648–20662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06357-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernando I. P., Sanjeewa K. K., Kim S. Y., Lee J. S., Jeon Y. J. Reduction of heavy metal (Pb2+) biosorption in zebrafish model using alginic acid purified from Ecklonia cava and two of its synthetic derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, Vol. 106, pp. 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernando I. P., Sanjeewa K. K., Kim S. Y., Lee J. S., Jeon Y. J. Reduction of heavy metal (Pb2+) biosorption in zebrafish model using alginic acid purified from Ecklonia cava and two of its synthetic derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, Vol. 106, pp. 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayawardena T. U., Nagahawatta D. P., Fernando I. P. A Review on Fucoidan Structure, Extraction Techniques, and Its Role as an Immunomodulatory Agent. Mar Drugs, 2022, Vol. 20, № 12, pp. 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120755</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayawardena T. U., Nagahawatta D. P., Fernando I. P. A Review on Fucoidan Structure, Extraction Techniques, and Its Role as an Immunomodulatory Agent. Mar Drugs, 2022, Vol. 20, № 12, pp. 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120755</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao X., Guo F., Hu J., Zhang L., Xue C., Zhang Z., Li B. Antithrombotic activity of oral administered low molecular weight fucoidan from Laminaria Japonica. Thromb. Res, 2016, Vol. 144, pp. 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.03.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao X., Guo F., Hu J., Zhang L., Xue C., Zhang Z., Li B. Antithrombotic activity of oral administered low molecular weight fucoidan from Laminaria Japonica. Thromb. Res, 2016, Vol. 144, pp. 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.03.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thuy T. T., Ly B. M., Van T. T. Anti-HIV activity of fucoidans from three brown seaweed species. Carbohydr Polym, 2015, Vol. 115, pp. 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thuy T. T., Ly B. M., Van T. T. Anti-HIV activity of fucoidans from three brown seaweed species. Carbohydr Polym, 2015, Vol. 115, pp. 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apostolova E., Lukova P., Baldzhieva A. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan: A Review. Polymers (Basel), 2020, Vol. 12, № 10, pp. 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apostolova E., Lukova P., Baldzhieva A. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan: A Review. Polymers (Basel), 2020, Vol. 12, № 10, pp. 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102338</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Т. А., Макаренкова И. Д., Конева Е. Л. Влияние пробиотического продукта, содержащего бифидобактерии и биогель из бурых водорослей, на кишечную микрофлору и показатели врожденного иммунитета у мышей с экспериментальным лекарственным дисбактериозом кишечника // Вопросы питания. 2015. Vol. 84, № 1. pp. 73–79 [Kuznetsova T. A., Makarenkova I. D., Koneva E. L. Effect of probiotic product containing bifidobacteria and biogel from brown algae on the intestinal microflora and parameters of innate immunity in mice with experimental drug dysbacteriosis. Nutrition issues, 2015, Vol. 84, № 1, pp. 73–79 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузнецова Т. А., Макаренкова И. Д., Конева Е. Л. Влияние пробиотического продукта, содержащего бифидобактерии и биогель из бурых водорослей, на кишечную микрофлору и показатели врожденного иммунитета у мышей с экспериментальным лекарственным дисбактериозом кишечника // Вопросы питания. 2015. Vol. 84, № 1. pp. 73–79 [Kuznetsova T. A., Makarenkova I. D., Koneva E. L. Effect of probiotic product containing bifidobacteria and biogel from brown algae on the intestinal microflora and parameters of innate immunity in mice with experimental drug dysbacteriosis. Nutrition issues, 2015, Vol. 84, № 1, pp. 73–79 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крыжановский С. П., Богданович Л. Н., Беседнова Н. Н., Иванушко Л. А., Головачева В. Д. Гиполипидемические и противовоспалительные эффекты полисахаридов морских бурых водорослей у пациентов с дислипидемией // Фундаментальные исследования. 2014. № 10. C. 93–100 [Kryzhanovsky S. P., Bogdanovich L.N., Besednova N.N., Ivanushko L.A., Golovacheva V.D. Hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides marine brown kelps in patients with dyslipidemia. Fundamental research, 2014, № 10, pp. 93–100 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крыжановский С. П., Богданович Л. Н., Беседнова Н. Н., Иванушко Л. А., Головачева В. Д. Гиполипидемические и противовоспалительные эффекты полисахаридов морских бурых водорослей у пациентов с дислипидемией // Фундаментальные исследования. 2014. № 10. C. 93–100 [Kryzhanovsky S. P., Bogdanovich L.N., Besednova N.N., Ivanushko L.A., Golovacheva V.D. Hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides marine brown kelps in patients with dyslipidemia. Fundamental research, 2014, № 10, pp. 93–100 (In Rus.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balboa E. M., Conde E., Moure A., Falqué E., Domínguez H. In vitro antioxidant properties of crude extracts and compounds from brown algae. Food Chem, 2013, Vol. 138, № 2–3, pp. 1764–1785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balboa E. M., Conde E., Moure A., Falqué E., Domínguez H. In vitro antioxidant properties of crude extracts and compounds from brown algae. Food Chem, 2013, Vol. 138, № 2–3, pp. 1764–1785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jun O. J., Qing Yu. Fucoidan delays apoptosis and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human neutrophils. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015, Vol. 73, pp. 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jun O. J., Qing Yu. Fucoidan delays apoptosis and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human neutrophils. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015, Vol. 73, pp. 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atashrazm F., Lowenthal R. M., Woods G. M., Holloway A. F., Karpiniec S. S., Dickinson J. L. Fucoidan Suppresses the Growth of Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Cell Physiol, 2016, Vol. 231, № 3, pp. 688–697. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atashrazm F., Lowenthal R. M., Woods G. M., Holloway A. F., Karpiniec S. S., Dickinson J. L. Fucoidan Suppresses the Growth of Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Cell Physiol, 2016, Vol. 231, № 3, pp. 688–697. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu H. Y., Lin T. Y., Wu Y. C. Fucoidan inhibition of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro: role of the Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TGFβ receptor degradation. Oncotarget, 2014, Vol. 17, № 5, pp. 7870–7885. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu H. Y., Lin T. Y., Wu Y. C. Fucoidan inhibition of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro: role of the Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TGFβ receptor degradation. Oncotarget, 2014, Vol. 17, № 5, pp. 7870–7885. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorenzo J. M., Agregán R., Munekata P. E. S., et al. Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcate, Mar. Drugs, 2017, Vol. 15, № 11, pp. 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15110360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorenzo J. M., Agregán R., Munekata P. E. S., et al. Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcate, Mar. Drugs, 2017, Vol. 15, № 11, pp. 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15110360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Černá M. Seaweed proteins and amino acids as nutraceuticals. Adv Food Nutr Res, 2011, Vol. 64, pp. 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387669-0.00024-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Černá M. Seaweed proteins and amino acids as nutraceuticals. Adv Food Nutr Res, 2011, Vol. 64, pp. 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387669-0.00024-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid M., Stengel D. B. Intra-thallus differentiation of fatty acid and pigment profiles in some temperate Fucales and Laminariales. J Phycol, 2015, Vol. 51, № 1, pp. 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid M., Stengel D. B. Intra-thallus differentiation of fatty acid and pigment profiles in some temperate Fucales and Laminariales. J Phycol, 2015, Vol. 51, № 1, pp. 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinho G. S., Holdt S. L., Jacobsen C., Angelidaki I. Lipids and Composition of Fatty Acids of Saccharina latissima Cultivated Year-Round in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. Mar Drugs, 2015, Vol. 13, № 7, pp. 4357–4374. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13074357</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinho G. S., Holdt S. L., Jacobsen C., Angelidaki I. Lipids and Composition of Fatty Acids of Saccharina latissima Cultivated Year-Round in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. Mar Drugs, 2015, Vol. 13, № 7, pp. 4357–4374. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13074357</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reshma B. S., Aavula T., Narasimman V. Antioxidant and Antiaging Properties of Agar Obtained from Brown Seaweed Laminaria digitata (Hudson) in D-Galactose-Induced Swiss Albino Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, Vol. 3, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7736378</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshma B. S., Aavula T., Narasimman V. Antioxidant and Antiaging Properties of Agar Obtained from Brown Seaweed Laminaria digitata (Hudson) in D-Galactose-Induced Swiss Albino Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, Vol. 3, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7736378</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin P., Chen S., Zhong S. Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Sargassum zhangii and the Physical and Chemical Characterization, Binding Bile Acid, and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in HepG2 Cells of Its Fucoidans. Foods, 2022, Vol. 12, № 11, pp. 1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11121771</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin P., Chen S., Zhong S. Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Sargassum zhangii and the Physical and Chemical Characterization, Binding Bile Acid, and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in HepG2 Cells of Its Fucoidans. Foods, 2022, Vol. 12, № 11, pp. 1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11121771</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen C. W., Rustad T., Holdt S.L. Vitamin C from Seaweed: A Review Assessing Seaweed as Contributor to Daily Intake. Foods. 2021, Vol. 10, № 1, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen C. W., Rustad T., Holdt S.L. Vitamin C from Seaweed: A Review Assessing Seaweed as Contributor to Daily Intake. Foods. 2021, Vol. 10, № 1, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardoso S., Carvalho L., Silva P. Rodrigues M., Pereira L. Bioproducts from Seaweeds: A Review with Special Focus on the Iberian Peninsula. Curr. Org. Chem, 2014, Vol. 18, № 7, pp. 896–917. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527281807140515154116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardoso S., Carvalho L., Silva P. Rodrigues M., Pereira L. Bioproducts from Seaweeds: A Review with Special Focus on the Iberian Peninsula. Curr. Org. Chem, 2014, Vol. 18, № 7, pp. 896–917. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527281807140515154116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyashita K., Beppu F., Hosokawa M., Liu X., Wang S. Nutraceutical characteristics of the brown seaweed carotenoid fucoxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2020, № 686, pp. 108364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2020.108364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyashita K., Beppu F., Hosokawa M., Liu X., Wang S. Nutraceutical characteristics of the brown seaweed carotenoid fucoxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2020, № 686, pp. 108364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2020.108364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
