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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2023-9-2-18-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DLIJGU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-658</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морские гидробионты – перспективный источник средств профилактики радиационно-индуцированных нарушений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine hydrobionts are a perspective source of means for the prevention of radiation-induced disturbances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-4299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Половов</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polovov</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Половов Сергей Федорович – кандидат  медицинских наук, доцент, начальник 2-го научно- исследовательского испытательного отдела</p><p>690080, Россия, г. Владивосток, ул. Борисенко, д. 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey F. Polovov – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the 2nd Research and Testing Department</p><p>690080, Russia, Vladivostok, Borisenko str., 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polovovsf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-668X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванушко</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanushko</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванушко Людмила Александровна – кандидат  медицинских наук, научный сотрудник 1-го научно-исследовательского испытательного отдела</p><p>690080, Россия, г. Владивосток, ул. Борисенко, д. 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Ivanushko – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher of the 1st Research and Testing Department</p><p>690080, Russia, Vladivostok, Borisenko str., 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.iva_57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4505-3627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолина</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolina</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смолина Татьяна Павловна – кандидат  биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник 2- го научно-исследовательского испытательного отдела</p><p>690080, Россия, Владивосток, ул. Борисенко, д. 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Smolina – Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Senior  Researcher of the 2nd Research and Testing Department</p><p>690080, Russia, Vladivostok, Borisenko str.,100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsmol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный филиал Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины;&#13;
Дальневосточный федеральный университет (ДВФУ), Школа медицины, Департамент клинической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine;&#13;
Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный филиал Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Половов С.Ф., Иванушко Л.А., Смолина Т.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Половов С.Ф., Иванушко Л.А., Смолина Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polovov S.F., Ivanushko L.A., Smolina T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/658">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/658</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: В современных условиях обстановки нестабильного мира возрастает угроза возникновения техногенных аварий на объектах ядерной энергетики, что требует активного поиска радиопротекторов, соответствующих требованиям безопасности, эффективности и надежности их применения при воздействии на организм ионизирующего излучения. Внимание исследователей этого направления на протяжении последних десятилетий привлекают биологически активные вещества (БАВ) из морских гидробионтов, представителями которых являются тритерпеновые гликозиды (голотурия) и сульфатированные полисахариды (фукоиданы бурых морских водорослей).ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение и обобщение отечественного и мирового опыта, накопленного в результате проводимых исследований в России и за рубежом; поиск путей предотвращения, минимизации негативных пострадиационных эффектов и коррекции этих нарушений с помощью биологически активных соединений, полученных из морских гидробионтов.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Использованы материалы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, охватывающие исторический период от начала создания атомного оружия до новейшей истории, характеризующейся угрозой применения «грязных бомб», террористических атак на мирные объекты атомной энергетики (АЭС). Поиск проводился по международным и российским базам данных (PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU), а также выборке статей по поисковому запросу (см. ключевые слова).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Установлено, что полисахариды и полифенольные соединения занимают ведущее место во многих публикациях ввиду их низкой токсичности сравнительно с другими природными или коммерческими радиозащитными агентами. Дана оценка связи ключевых радиопротекторных свойств (антиоксидантное, антирадикальное, противовоспалительное, антистрессорное) с радиозащитной активностью БАВ. Охарактеризованы механизмы действия различных радиопротекторов.ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: До настоящего времени сохраняет актуальность проблема практической фармакологии – создание эффективных препаратов противорадиационной защиты человека. В кризисных (аварийных) условиях применение радиопротекции и поддержка гемопоэтической функции организма являются важнейшим фактором в исходе борьбы организма за выживание. Однако кроме аварийных ситуаций в последнее время в научной среде часто упоминается новое предназначение радиозащитных средств как средств профилактики поражений, вызываемых низкодозовым и хроническим облучением. Результаты научных экспериментов во всем мире свидетельствуют о едином мнении российских и зарубежных ученых относительно позитивного радиопротекторного действия разных групп БАВ из морских гидробионтов (тритерпеновые гликозиды, сульфатированные полисахариды, хитозан и др.). Вместе с тем обсуждаются разнонаправленные научные подходы к оценке воздействия на организм хронического и малодозового облучения («радиационного гормезиса» и «беспороговой концепции радиационного эффекта»). Предложенные для дискуссии научные взгляды на единую проблему предполагают актуальность дальнейшего научного поиска путей преодоления негативного влияния эффектов радиоиндуцированного повреждения биологического организма.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Морские гидробионты могут рассматриваться как высокоперспективный источник биологически активных веществ для создания фармацевтических препаратов. Разнообразный спектр их биологической активности обусловливает интерес к ним ученых во всем мире. Пристальное внимание отечественных ученых к данной теме обусловлено рядом причин: выгодное географическое расположение (непосредственное прилегание акватории Тихого океана к границам Дальнего Востока и Приморского края), экономичность добычи сырья и производства биологической субстанции, быстрая естественная воспроизводимость ресурсной базы, а также превосходство биологических свойств получаемого материала над зарубежными аналогами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION: Today unstable world environment increases the threat of technogenic accidents at nuclear power facilities that requires an active search for radioprotectors that meet safety requirements, efficiency and reliability of their operation when exposed to the body of ionizing radiation. Over the past decades scientists of this area have turned their attention to biologically active substances (BAS) from marine hydrobiotics, representatives of which are triterpene glycosides (holothuria) and sulfated polysaccharides (brown seaweed fucoidan).OBJECTIVE: Study and synthesis of domestic and international experience, resulting from ongoing research in Russia and abroad; search for ways to prevent, minimize negative postradiation effects and correct these damages using biologically active compounds, derived from marine hydrobionts.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used materials of domestic and foreign authors, covering the historical period from building an atomic weapon to modern times, characterized by the threat of using “dirty bombs”, terrorist attacks on peaceful nuclear power facilities (NPF). Search terms include international and Russian database (PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU) and also search queries (see keywords).RESULTS: It was found that polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds occupy a leading place in many publications due to their low toxicity compared to other natural and commercial radioprotective agents. The study assesses the relationship between key radioprotective properties (antioxidant, antiradical, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress) and BAS radioprotective activity. It outlines action mechanisms of different radioprotectors.DISCUSSION: To date, the issue of practical pharmacology remains relevant – creating effective drugs of radiation protection. In crisis (emergency) conditions radioprotection use and support of body hematopoietic function are the crucial factor in the outcome of the body struggling for survival. However, in addition to emergency a new purpose of radioprotectors has been often mentioned in the scientific community in recent times – as means of lesion prevention, caused by low-dose and chronic exposure. The results of scientific experiments around the world demonstrates the consensus view within Russian and foreign scientists regarding a positive radioprotective effect of different BAS groups from marine hydrobionts (triterpene glycosides, sulfated polysaccharides, chitosan, etc.). However, there is a discussion of divergent scientific approaches to assessing the impact of chronic and low-dose exposure (“radiation hormesis” and “non-threshold concept of radiation effect”) on the body. The views on a single problem, proposed for discussion, suggest the relevance of further scientific research for ways to overcome the negative impact of radiation-induced damage effects to biological organisms.|CONCLUSION: Marine hydrobionts can be considered as a highly promising source of biologically active substances for creating pharmaceutical drugs. Diverse spectrum of their biological activity causes scientific interest around the world. Domestic scientists pay close attention to the subject due to several reasons: favorable geographical location (the Pacific Ocean, contiguous to the borders of the Far East and Primorsky Krai), cost-effectiveness of raw material extraction and biological substance production, fast natural reproducibility of the resource base as well as advantages of biological properties in the resulting material over foreign analogues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>хроническое малодозовое облучение</kwd><kwd>радиопротекторы</kwd><kwd>гидробионты</kwd><kwd>биологически активные вещества (БАВ)</kwd><kwd>тритерпеновые гликозиды</kwd><kwd>сульфатированные полисахариды</kwd><kwd>фукоиданы</kwd><kwd>хитозан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>chronic low-dose exposure</kwd><kwd>radioprotectors</kwd><kwd>hydrobionts</kwd><kwd>biologically active substances (BAS)</kwd><kwd>triterpene glycosides</kwd><kwd>sulfated polysaccharides</kwd><kwd>fucoidans</kwd><kwd>chitosan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Половов С.Ф., Кузьмин А.П. 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