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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2023-9-4-72-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференцированный подход к предоперационной подготовке пациентов с различным кардиоваскулярным риском при местнораспространенном раке органов брюшной полости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Differentiated approach to preoperative preparation of patients with various cardiovascular risk in locally advanced cancer of abdominal organs: experimental study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-1011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучев</surname><given-names>Рафик Джабараилович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchev</surname><given-names>Rafik D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры военно-морской хирургии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer of the Department of Naval Surgery </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dag_vmrg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-7111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуленин</surname><given-names>Константин Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulenin</surname><given-names>Konstantin S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, полковник медицинской службы, заместитель начальника кафедры военно-морской терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of Naval Therapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulenink@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>Иван Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, доцент кафедры военно-морской хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Naval Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivsolov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, полковник медицинской службы, начальник кафедры военно-морской хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Naval Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dasurov75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>Mihail S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры военно-морской хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Naval Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gensurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-4683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, подполковник медицинской службы, доцент кафедры военно-морской терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladim-filippov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-0594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрюпов</surname><given-names>Марк Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyuryupov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель ординатуры</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Residency student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mark.tfyuryupov@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2393-9879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуленин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Константинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulenin</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulenind@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кучев Р.Д., Шуленин К.С., Соловьев И.А., Суров Д.А., Коржук М.С., Филиппов В.Ю., Тюрюпов М.С., Шуленин Д.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кучев Р.Д., Шуленин К.С., Соловьев И.А., Суров Д.А., Коржук М.С., Филиппов В.Ю., Тюрюпов М.С., Шуленин Д.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuchev R.D., Shulenin  K.S., Soloviev I.A., Surov D.A., Korzhuk  M.S., Filippov V.Y., Tyuryupov  M.S., Shulenin D.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/650">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/650</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Злокачественные новообразования органов брюшной полости часто приводят к обострению кардиоваскулярных заболеваний либо являются триггером их развития. Только правильная оценка кардиоваскулярного риска позволяет провести эффективную подготовку к операции, выбрать оптимальный вариант хирургического вмешательства и снизить вероятность осложнений в послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить возможности дифференцированного подхода к дополнительной предоперационной подготовке при хирургическом лечении местнораспространенного рака органов брюшной полости у пациентов с различной степенью кардиоваскулярного риска.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. На первом этапе был проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов планового хирургического лечения 250 пациентов при стандартном подходе к предоперационному обследованию и подготовке. На втором этапе у 101 пациента был апробирован модифицированный алгоритм дополнительного предоперационного обследования, в котором акцент сделан на лиц с невысоким кардиоваскулярным риском. Период наблюдения не превышал 30 сут. Стратификацию периоперационного кардиоваскулярного риска проводили путем расчета индексов RCRI и NSQIP-MICA. Статистическую обработку результатов осуществляли с помощью пакетов прикладных программ Statistica 12.5 (StatSoft, США).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Стандартный подход к предоперационной подготовке сопровождался достаточно высокой летальностью в раннем послеоперационном периоде (18,4 %). Большинство (54,3 % по шкале RCRI и 69,5 % по шкале NSQIP-MICA) летальных исходов приходилось на пациентов среднего кардиоваскулярного риска. Реализация дифференцированного алгоритма дополнительного предоперационного обследования позволила снизить частоту послеоперационных осложнений в 2,1–5,9 раза, сроки нахождения пациентов в отделении реанимации в 1,4 раза и госпитальную летальность в 2,3 раза (до 7,9 %).</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Предлагаемый алгоритм ориентирован на наиболее проблемную подгруппу пациентов со средним кардиоваскулярным риском: 1 фактор риска по шкале RCRI и/или сниженный (неопределенный) функциональный статус, которые при стандартной подготовке к операции имеют такие же шансы на неблагоприятный исход, как и у лиц с высокой коморбидностью.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Использование валидированных методик оценки периоперационного риска, дифференцированный подход к дополнительному обследованию и рациональная фармакотерапия позволяют снизить госпитальную летальность пациентов с местнораспространенным раком органов брюшной полости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs often lead to exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases or trigger their development. Only proper evaluation of cardiovascular risk allows to effectively prepare for the operation, to choose best option of surgery and to decrease the likelihood of complications in the postoperative period.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. To study the possibility of a differentiated approach to additional preoperative preparation in the surgical treatment of locally advanced cancer of the abdominal organs in patients with different degrees of cardiovascular risk.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The first stage included retrospective result analysis of planned surgical treatment of 250 patients under the standard approach to pre-operative examination and preparation. At the second stage, 101 patients were tested a modified algorithm of additional preoperative examination where there was emphasis on persons with an average cardiovascular risk. The observation period did not exceed 30 days. The stratification of perioperative cardiovascular risk was conducted by RCRI and NSQIP-MICA index calculation. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using “Statistica 12.5” application packages (StatSoft, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The standard approach to preoperative preparation was characterized by relatively high mortality in the early postoperative period (18,4%). Most deaths (54,3% on RCRI scale and 69,5% on NSQIP-MICA scale) were among patients of an average cardiovascular risk. Differentiated algorithm implementation of additional preoperative examination has reduced the incidence of postoperative complications by 2,1-5,9 times, the duration of the patient’s stay in intensive care by 1,4 times and hospital mortality by 2,3 times (up to 7,9%).</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. The proposed algorithm is focused on the most problematic subgroup of patients with an average cardiovascular risk (1 risk factor on RCRI scale and/or decreased (indefinite) functional status) which, in standard preparation for surgery, have the same chance of an adverse outcome as persons with high comorbidity.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The use of validated methods in evaluating perioperative risk, differentiated approach to additional examination and rational pharmacotherapy reduce hospital mortality in patients with locally advanced cancer of the abdominal organs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярный риск</kwd><kwd>внесердечные операции</kwd><kwd>госпитальная летальность</kwd><kwd>периоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>предоперационная подготовка</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания брюшной полости</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>кардиоонкология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>non-cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>hospital mortality</kwd><kwd>perioperative complications</kwd><kwd>preoperative preparation</kwd><kwd>abdominal cancer</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>cardiac oncology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. 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