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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2023-9-1-19-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-622</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные механизмы поражения центральной нервной системы при сочетанном инфицировании ВИЧ и SARS-COV-2: обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main mechanisms of central nervous system damage with combined infection of HIV and SARS-COV-2: review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассохин Вадим Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии  </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Rassokhin – Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology </p><p>Saint Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ras-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светашова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetashova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светашова Елизавета Игоревна – клинический ординатор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии  </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta I. Svetashova – Clinical Resident of the Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology </p><p>Saint Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizabethsvet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Модестова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Modestova</surname><given-names>I. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Модестова Ирина Олеговна – заведующая отделением инфекционно-паразитарных заболеваний и иммунопрофилактики </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург, Колпино, Ленина пр., д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina O. Modestova – Head of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and Immunoprophylaxis </p><p>Saint Petersburg, Kolpino, Lenin Ave., 46</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irine-mod@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплевская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplevskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплевская Наталья Владимировна – заместитель главного врача по медицинской части </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург, Колпино, Ленина пр., д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Kaplevskaya – Deputy Chief Medical Officer </p><p>Saint Petersburg, Kolpino, Lenin Ave., 46</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata.kaplevskaya.78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-2255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>N. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляков Николай Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Belyakov – Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Pavlov University </p><p>Saint Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beliakov.akad.spb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская поликлиника № 95</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City polyclinic № 95</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рассохин В.В., Светашова Е.И., Модестова И.О., Каплевская Н.В., Беляков Н.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рассохин В.В., Светашова Е.И., Модестова И.О., Каплевская Н.В., Беляков Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rassokhin V.V., Svetashova E.I., Modestova I.О., Kaplevskaya N.V., Belyakov N.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/622">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/622</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Оценить степень разработанности вопроса о механизмах поражения нервной системы при ВИЧ-инфекции с дальнейшей оценкой SARS-CoV-2 как фактора, возможно, способствующего возникновению или утяжелению психоневрологической патологии у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Аналитический обзор был проведен с использованием медицинской базы данных PubMed. Было изучено более 20 отечественных и более 30 зарубежных публикаций на тему механизмов поражения нервной системы при ВИЧ-инфекции и SARS-CoV-2 в период с 2019 по 2022 г. Проведено небольшое предварительное исследование. Были проанализированы данные амбулаторных карт 146 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, из которых подтвержденный диагноз COVID-19 легкой или среднетяжелой формы (в период с 2020 по 2022 г.) фигурировал в 42 (25,8 %) случаях (1-я группа). В группу сравнения (2-я группа) были включены 40 пациентов без ВИЧ-инфекции, перенесшие COVID-19, которые после подписания добровольного информированного согласия прошли анкетирование. Данные анкетирования позволили судить о частоте и выраженности психоневрологических проявлений и их возможной связи с перенесенным COVID-19. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Продемонстрирован высокий нейроинвазивный и нейротропный потенциал ВИЧ, реализуемый посредством множества путей и механизмов, который проявляется в клинической практике возникновением разнообразной психоневрологической симптоматикой. Доказано влияние ВИЧ-инфекции на экспрессию рецепторов АПФ-2-клетками нейроваскулярной единицы (НВЕ), а также выявлены некоторые другие особенности, способствующие потенцированию инвазии SARS-CoV-2 в ЦНС. Результаты предварительного исследования показали, что в группе пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией отдаленные психоневрологические проявления после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции развились у 9 пациентов (21,4 % от переболевших COVID-19), при этом все пациенты имели длительно подавленную вирусную нагрузку ВИЧ на фоне регулярного приема АРВТ и удовлетворительный иммунный статус (количество CD4+ T-лимфоцитов). У пациентов без ВИЧ-инфекции после перенесенного COVID-19 осложнения психоневрологического характера, оцениваемые анкетируемыми как «чрезвычайно сильные», наблюдались у 22 (55 %) пациентов. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Несмотря на то, что результаты исследования не выявили четкой взаимосвязи между наличием иммунодефицита при ВИЧ-инфекции и проявлением психоневрологической патологии после перенесенного COVID-19, необходимо дальнейшее изучение проблемы взаимного влияния ВИЧ и SARS-CoV-2 на возникновение психоневрологической патологии. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Учитывая недостаточное количество исследований, в которых могли бы быть получены результаты, достоверно подтверждающие повышенный риск осложнений со стороны нервной системы, вызванных SARS-CoV-2 на фоне имеющейся ВИЧ-инфекции, есть все основания полагать, что эта проблема на сегодняшний день остается очень актуальной. Это диктует необходимость внимательного изучения неврологического статуса у пациентов данной категории и тщательного мониторинга неврологических осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>OBJECTIVE: Assess the degree of elaboration regarding mechanisms of the nervous system damage in HIV infection to further evaluate SARS-CoV-2, as a possible contributing factor in emergence and worsening psycho-neurological pathology in HIV-infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analytical review was conducted using the medical database PubMed. More than 20 domestic and 30 foreign publications were studied on the mechanisms of the nervous system damage in HIV infection and SARS-CoV-2 between 2019-2022.Some preliminary study was conducted. Outpatient charts data of 146 HIV-infected patients were analyzed; a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 mild or moderate form (between 2020-2022) appeared in 42 (25,8%) cases (1st group). The comparison group (2nd group) included 40 patients without HIV infection, but suffered COVID-19, who were surveyed after signing voluntary informed consent. The survey data provided insight into the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric manifestations and their possible connection with COVID-19. RESULTS: The high neuroinvasive and neurotropic HIV potential was demonstrated and implemented in a variety of ways and mechanisms that manifests in clinical practice by the appearance of diverse neuropsychiatric symptomatology. The study proved the influence of HIV infection on ACE-2 receptor expression by neurovascular cells (NVC) and also revealed some other features, contributing to the potentiation of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in CNS. The results of the preliminary study showed that in the group with HIV-infected 9 patients (21,4% of recover from COVID-19) experienced long-term neuropsychiatric manifestations after coronavirus infection, while all patients had long-term suppressed HIV viral load against the backdrop of regular ARV therapy and satisfactory immune status (CD4+ T-lymphocytes count). In the group without HIV infection after COVID-19 22 (55%) patients experienced neuropsychiatric complications, estimated by them as “extremely strong”. DISCUSSION: Although the study did not reveal a clear link between the presence of immunodeficiency in HIV infection and manifestation of neuropsychiatric pathology after COVID-19, further research is needed to define mutual influence of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 on the emergence of neuropsychiatric pathology. CONCLUSION: Considering a lack of research, where the results obtained could reliably confirm increased risk of complications from the nervous system, caused by SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the existing HIV infection, there is reason to believe that this problem remains relevant today. This dictates the need to examine closely neurological status in patients of this category and monitor neurological complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>нейротропность</kwd><kwd>нервная система</kwd><kwd>поражение ЦНС</kwd><kwd>СOVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>neurotropism</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd><kwd>CNS damage</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-45-10017.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-45-10017.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cagnazzo F., Arquizan C., Derraz I., et al. 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