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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2024-10-1-7-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лекции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lectures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Употребление дизайнерских наркотиков как причина противопоказаний к работе на судне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Designer drug use as reason for contradictions to work on vessel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-5319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головко</surname><given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovko</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after Academician S. N. Golikov Federal Medical and Biological Agency”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prgolovko@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-8036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринов</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>Vladimir  A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after Academician S. N. Golikov Federal Medical and Biological Agency”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladbar.57@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-2391</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинцев</surname><given-names>Богдан Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvintsev</surname><given-names>Bogdan  S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный врач специализированного клинико-диагностического комплекса ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), chief physician of the specialized clinical diagnostic complex of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after Academician S.N. Golikov Federal Medical and Biological Agency”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvintsevs@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-6546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейнюк</surname><given-names>Владимир  Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reynyuk</surname><given-names>Vladimir  L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, врио директора ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Acting Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after Academician S. N. Golikov Federal Medical and Biological Agency”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladton@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивницкий</surname><given-names>Юрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivnitsky</surname><given-names>Yuri  Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after Academician S. N. Golikov Federal Medical and Biological Agency”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neugierig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С. Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Center of Toxicology; North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С. Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Center of Toxicology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С. Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Center of Toxicology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Головко А.И., Баринов В.А., Литвинцев Б.С., Рейнюк В.Л., Ивницкий Ю.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головко А.И., Баринов В.А., Литвинцев Б.С., Рейнюк В.Л., Ивницкий Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovko A.I., Barinov V.A., Litvintsev B.S., Reynyuk V.L., Ivnitsky Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/616">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/616</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространение и нелегальный оборот новых психоактивных веществ, относящихся к дизайнерским наркотикам (ДН), создает предпосылки для роста числа потенциально наркозависимых пациентов, в том числе среди учащихся морских учебных заведений и лиц, относящихся к плавсоставу. Выявление признаков наркозависимости, а также наличия в организме человека наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их метаболитов при проведении медицинских осмотров, включающих химико-токсикологические исследования, является причиной противопоказаний к работе на судне. В статье представлен обзор большой группы наркотических средств синтетического происхождения, относящихся к ДН и различающихся по структуре, механизмам токсичности, наркогенному потенциалу, поведенческим нарушениям. Рассмотрены классификации ДН, различные аспекты проблемы их употребления и распространенности в популяции. Обсуждаются механизмы токсического действия наиболее распространенных ДН из групп синтетических каннабиноидов, синтетических катинонов и синтетических опиоидов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Distribution and illegal trafficking of new psychoactive substances, related to designer drugs, create preconditions for growth in the number of potentially drug-addicted patients, including among students of maritime educational institutions and persons, belonging to crew personnel. Signs of drug addiction as well as the presence of drugs in the human body, psychotropic substances and their metabolites during medical check-ups, including chemical-toxicological studies, are the reasons for contradictions to work on the vessel. The article presents the review of a large group of synthetic narcotic drugs, related to designer drugs and differed in structure, mechanisms of toxicity, narcotic potential and behavioral disturbance. Classifications of designer drugs, different aspects of the problem of their use and prevalence in the population are considered. Mechanisms of a toxic effect of most prevalent designer drugs from groups of synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones and synthetic opioids are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>противопоказания к работе на судне</kwd><kwd>дизайнерские наркотики</kwd><kwd>классификации</kwd><kwd>механизмы токсичности</kwd><kwd>синтетические каннабиноиды</kwd><kwd>синтетические катиноны</kwd><kwd>синтетические опиоиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>contraindications to work on the vessel</kwd><kwd>designer drugs</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of toxicity</kwd><kwd>synthetic cannabinoids</kwd><kwd>synthetic cathinones</kwd><kwd>synthetic opioids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордеев А. 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