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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">seamed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морская медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Marine Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-5747</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2413-5747-2022-8-4-7-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">seamed-594</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к прогнозу и дифференцированной оценке кардиоваскулярного риска в хирургии: обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to projection and differentiated assessment of cardiovascular risks in surgery: review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-7111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуленин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulenin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шуленин Константин Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель начальника кафедры военно-морской терапии</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin S. Shulenin — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Colonel of the Medical Service, Deputy Head of the Department of Naval Therapy</p><p>194044, St. Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva str., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulenink@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1363-6860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черкашин Дмитрий Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Заслуженный врач РФ, начальник кафедры военно-морской терапии </p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Cherkashin — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Colonel of the Medical Service, Head of the Department of Naval Therapy</p><p>194044, St. Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva str., 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Иван Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель главного врача по хирургии</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., д. 56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Soloviev — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery</p><p>56, Liteyny Ave., 191014, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivsolov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучев</surname><given-names>Р. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchev</surname><given-names>R. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кучев Рафик Джабраилович — майор медицинской службы, преподаватель кафедры военно-морской хирургии</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rafiq D. Kuchev — Lecturer of the Department of Naval Surgery</p><p>194044, St. Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva str., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dag_vmrg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская Мариинская больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шуленин К.С., Черкашин Д.В., Соловьёв И.А., Кучев Р.Д., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шуленин К.С., Черкашин Д.В., Соловьёв И.А., Кучев Р.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulenin K.S., Cherkashin D.V., Soloviev I.A., Kuchev R.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/594">https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/594</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Изучить современные подходы к прогнозированию и дифференцированной оценке кардиоваскулярного риска при внесердечных хирургических вмешательствах.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проанализированы статьи из наукометрических баз данных РИНЦ, PubMed и Scopus за 2005–2022 годы. Всего было отобрано 39 источников литературы, из которых не менее 70% были изданы в течение последних пяти лет. Включение в обзор литературы работ, изданных более пяти лет назад, допускалось только в случае, если это были первоисточники и высокоинформативные материалы.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Для прогнозирования периоперационного риска в настоящее время предложен целый ряд универсальных валидированных шкал, которые помогают определить пациентов с высоким риском летального исхода и развития осложнений. Эти алгоритмы разрабатывались на основе многомерного статистического анализа большого числа исследований и отражают взаимосвязь клинических, лабораторных и инструментальных показателей с периоперационным кардиоваскулярным риском и летальностью.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Возможности прогнозировать риск развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений и летального исхода после оперативного вмешательства со 100% вероятностью в настоящее время не существует. Большинство существующих индексов и шкал имеют свои недостатки, но взаимно дополняют друг друга, а их применение может существенно помочь в процессе принятия решения по тактике ведения пациента. Однако полученные с их помощью данные должны рассматриваться и учитываться только в общем контексте диагностического процесса наряду с традиционными методами диагностики.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Оценка медицинского статуса пациента и кардиоваскулярного риска является одной из важнейших задач предоперационной подготовки, решение которой требует совершенствования и стандартизации пошаговых алгоритмов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: Study modern approaches to projection and differentiated assessment of cardiovascular risks with extracardiac surgical interventions.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles from scientometric database RSCI, PubMed and Scopus for 2005–2022 are analyzed. In total, 39 literary sources were selected; not less than 70% of which were published over the past 5 years. The works, published more than 5 years ago, were allowed to include in the literature review only in case if they were primary sources and highly informative. RESULTS: To predict perioperative risk there is currently a range of general validated scales that help to define patients with a high risk of death and development of complications. These algorithms were developed based on multivariate statistical analysis of a large number of studies and reflect the links between clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators with perioperative cardiovascular risk and mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION: Nowadays there is no opportunity to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and death after surgical intervention with 100% probability. The majority of existing indices and scales has their drawbacks, but complement each other, and their use may significantly help in the decision-making process on patient management tactics. However, data acquired through these means should be considered and taken into account only in the general context of diagnostic process along with conventional diagnostic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The assessment of patient’s medical status and cardiovascular risk is one of the major tasks in preoperative preparation, which solution requires improvement and standardization of step-by-step algorithms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морская медицина</kwd><kwd>хирургия</kwd><kwd>внесердечные хирургические вмешательства</kwd><kwd>периоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярный риск</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>функциональное состояние</kwd><kwd>индексы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>marine medicine</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>extracardiac surgical interventions</kwd><kwd>perioperative complications</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>functional state</kwd><kwd>risk index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devereaux P., Sessler D. 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