seamedМорская медицинаMarine Medicine2413-57472587-7828Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-1-7-14seamed-331Research ArticleОбзорыReviewМОРСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ - СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯSEASICKNESS - CURRENT STATE OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ISSUEДрачевИ. С.DrachevI. S.

доктор медицинских наук, начальник научно-исследовательского управления,

195043, Санкт-Петербург, Лесопарковая ул., д. 4

Saint Petersburg

dr.ingwar@mail.ruЛегезаВ. И.LegezaV. I.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, лауреат государственной премии СССР, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории (радиационный регистр),

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Saint Petersburg

СелезнёвА. Б.SeleznevA. B.

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель начальника научно-исследовательского испытательного центра,

195043, Санкт-Петербург, Лесопарковая ул., д. 4; e-mail: 

Saint Petersburg

alexseleznov@list.ruГосударственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медициныРоссияResearch and Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия имени С. М. КироваРоссияS. M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian Federation20200704202061714Copyright © Драчев И.С., Легеза В.И., Селезнёв А.Б., 20202020Драчев И.С., Легеза В.И., Селезнёв А.Б.Drachev I.S., Legeza V.I., Seleznev A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/331

В обзоре представлены современные представления о механизме развития морской болезни как одного из вариантов болезни движения. Данный вид патологии развивается, как правило, при сочетании различных видов качки судна (бортовая, килевая). Круговые, вертикальные и медленные движения вызывают более выраженные и частые симптомы морской болезни, чем линейные, горизонтальные и быстрые. По мнению большинства исследователей, наиболее вероятной является теория «интерсенсорного конфликта» — нарушения согласованного функционирования афферентных систем организма, осуществляющих пространственную ориентацию, статокинетическую устойчивость и сохранение равновесия. Ведущую роль играет функциональная дисфункция вестибулярного анализатора. Приведена классификация средств профилактики и купирования морской болезни, описаны механизмы их действия, специфическая активность и побочные эффекты. Показано, что в настоящее время наиболее эффективными лекарственными средствами являются антагонисты М-холинорецепторов (скополамина гидробромид) и H1-антагонисты гистамина I поколения (дименгидринат, димедрол, циклизин, меклизин, прометазин и др.). Из нейролептиков и блокаторов D2-рецепторов рекомендованы прохлорперазин и метоклопрамид. Целесообразно также использование прокинетиков (домперидон, цизаприд, рензаприд и др.), транквилизаторов (барбитураты, бензодиазепины), снотворных и местноанестизирующих средств. Особое внимание уделено комбинированным препаратам, состоящим из противорвотных и психостимулирующих средств, предназначенных для сохранения работоспособности в условиях воздействия на организм факторов морской болезни. Описаны немедикаментозные средства профилактики морской болезни и ослабления ее симптомов. Определены основные направления совершенствования системы мероприятий, направленных на сохранение работоспособности при симптомах морской болезни. 

The paper describes the current state of development of seasickness as one of movement disease variants. The given type of pathology occurs when combining different types of ship’s motion (rolling and pitching). Circular, vertical and slow movements induce more pronounced and frequent signs of seasickness than linear, horizontal and quick ones. In the view of majority of researchers, the most likely is an intersensory conflict theory i.e. violation of coherent functioning of afferent body systems performing spatial orientation, statokinetic equilibrium and keeping balance. The leading role is played by the functional dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer. The classification of means of preventing and stopping of motion sickness is given, the mechanisms of their action, specific activity and side effects are described. It has been shown that currently the most effective drugs are M-cholinergic antagonists (scopolamine hydrobromide) and H1-histamine antagonists of the 1st generation (dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, cyclizine, meclizine, promethazine, etc.). Of the antipsychotics and blockers of D2 receptors, prochlorperazine and metoclopramide are recommended. It is also worth to use prokinetics (domperidone, cisapride, renzapride, etc.), tranquilizers (barbiturates, benzodiazepines), sleeping pills and local anesthetics. Particular attention is paid to combination drugs, consisting of antiemetic and psychostimulating drugs, designed to maintain working capacity under the influence of seasickness factors on the body. Non-pharmacological means of preventing seasickness and alleviating its symptoms are described. The main directions of improving the system of measures aimed at maintaining efficiency in the presence of symptoms of seasickness are determined. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.