The paper represents fundamental principles of concept of development of naval medicine in one of six main regional directions of national naval policy of the Russian Federation — Atlantic regional direction that includes the Atlantic Ocean, rims of the Black Sea, Azov Sea, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Attention is drawn to the notion of «Marine medicine», its role and place in national health care is argued. The necessity of practical implementation of the Convention of the International Labor Organization, ratified by the Russian Federation in 2012, No. 186 «On labor in maritime navigation», is primarily emphasized, first of all, the creation of national and regional centers of maritime medicine, bringing various issues of medical provision of subjects of marine activity in line with international standards. The author notes that the problem of adaptation the national medical education to the international system of education in the field of maritime health care in the coming years will require the introduction of additions to the list of medical specialties and qualification requirements in the part related to marine medicine. It is on the basis of the national and regional centers of maritime medicine in the Russian Federation that it is proposed to organize training (postgraduate training, retraining) of the medical staff. It is noted that the Russian Federation, based on wide and positive experience of medical provision of seafarers in the Soviet Union, taking into account the organizational, scientific, methodological and practical features of the activities of the international centers of maritime medicine, will consistently and steadily develop the medical supply system of the state’s maritime power.