seamedМорская медицинаMarine Medicine2413-57472587-7828Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.67821/2413-5747-2026-12-3-18-29seamed-1005Research ArticleОбзорыReviewМногофакторное влияние дефицита витамина D на физиологические процессыMultiple effects of vitamin D deficiency on physiological processesДискаленкоО. В.DiskalenkoO. V.

Дискаленко Ольга Вячеславовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, преподаватель кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней

194044, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Olga V. Diskalenko – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Lecturer in the Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics

194044, Saint Petersburg, Academician Lebedev Str., 6

oigadiskal1705@gmail.ruИзотоваА. Б.IzotovaA. B.

Изотова Анна Борисовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, преподаватель кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Anna B. Izotova – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Lecturer in the Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics

194044, Saint Petersburg, Academician Lebedev Str., 6

suave77@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-9625КучминА. Н.KuchminA. N.

Кучмин Алексей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Alexey N. Kuchmin – Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics

194044, Saint Petersburg, Academician Lebedev Str., 6

kuchmin.63@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-9529-7785ЛевченкоЗ. А.LevchenkoZ. A.

Левченко Земфира Ахатовна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник

198412, Санкт-Петербург, Ломоносов, ул. Морская, д. 2

Zemfira A. Levchenko – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher

198412, Saint Petersburg, Lomonosov, Morskaya Str., 2

zalew@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-3255ЯтмановА. Н.YatmanovA. N.

Ятманов Алексей Николаевич – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник

198412, Санкт-Петербург, Ломоносов, ул. Морская, д. 2

Alexey N. Yatmanov – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher

198412, Saint Petersburg, Lomonosov, Morskaya Str, 2

yan20220@mail.ruВоенно-медицинская академия имени С. М. КироваРоссияMilitary Medical AcademyRussian Federation40-й Государственный научно-исследовательский институт аварийно-спасательного дела, водолазных и глубоководных работ Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия40th State Research Institute for Emergency Rescue, Diving, and DeepSea Operations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian Federation40-й Государственный научно-исследовательский институт аварийно-спасательного дела, водолазных и глубоководных работ» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия40th State Research Institute for Emergency Rescue, Diving, and Deep-Sea Operations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2026101020261331829Copyright © Дискаленко О.В., Изотова А.Б., Кучмин А.Н., Левченко З.А., Ятманов А.Н., 20262026Дискаленко О.В., Изотова А.Б., Кучмин А.Н., Левченко З.А., Ятманов А.Н.Diskalenko O.V., Izotova A.B., Kuchmin A.N., Levchenko Z.A., Yatmanov A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://seamed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1005

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье представлены результаты многочисленных исследований, в том числе зарубежных, посвященных изучению роли витамина D в функционировании различных органов и систем, обеспечении физиологических процессов и возникновении патологических изменений при его дефиците. Учитывая тот факт, что витамин D вырабатывается под воздействием солнечного света, недостаток которого испытывает личный состав экипажей подводных лодок и надводных кораблей, значимость этих исследований важна для практического применения в морской медицине.ЦЕЛЬ. Обобщить данные о роли витамина D в функционировании систем организма человека, провести анализ представленных многоцентровых исследований влияния дефицита витамина D на возникновение различных заболеваний и предложить некоторые меры профилактики, направленные на компенсацию при его выявлении.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Рассмотрены материалы научных исследований, посвященных изучению роли витамина D в метаболизме организма человека, приведены рекомендации, в том числе клинические, по выявлению дефицита витамина D у взрослых. Поиск и анализ научной медицинской литературы осуществлялся за период с 2004 по 2025 г. в базах данных: научная электронная библиотека eLibrary.ru, Российская национальная библиотека, Фундаментальная библиотека Военно-медицинской академии им. С. М. Кирова, электронная поисковая система PubMed. Проанализировано в общей сложности более 70 публикаций. Ключевыми словами-запросами являлись: дефицит витамина D, холекальциферол, влияние витамина D на организм человека.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Анализ литературных источников показал, что витамин D играет существенную роль не только в фосфорно-кальциевом обмене и формировании скелета, но также занимает важное место в метаболических процессах, иммунитете, и как прямо, так и опосредованно через указанные звенья патогенеза, связанные с нарушением обмена веществ и иммунного ответа, влияет на общесоматическую заболеваемость.ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Полученные данные в результате аналитического обзора научной литературы подтверждают необходимость контроля содержания в крови уровня витамина D у специалистов Военно-Морского Флота Российской Федерации (ВМФ). При выявлении его дефицита необходима коррекции суточного потребления пищевых продуктов, являющихся источником витамина D. Целесообразно рекомендовать физиопроцедуры, стимулирующие выработку витамина D под воздействием искусственного ультрафиолета. Кроме того, в индивидуальном порядке возможно периодическое применение в суточном рационе разрешенных пищевых биологически активных добавок, содержащих источник витамина D и кальций.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Понимание комплексного воздействия на организм витамина D необходимо для профилактики его дефицита у экипажей надводных кораблей и подводных лодок, которое направлено на то, чтобы уменьшить риск развития общесоматической патологии, снизить заболеваемость и способствовать повышению работоспособности специалистов ВМФ.

INTRODUCTION. The article presents the results of numerous studies, including foreign ones, devoted to the study of the role of vitamin D in functioning various organs and systems, the provision of physiological processes, and the occurrence of pathological changes in its deficiency. Given the fact that vitamin D is produced by exposure to sunlight, the deficiency of which is experienced by the personnel of submarine and surface vessel crews, the significance of these studies is important for practical application in maritime medicine.OBJECTIVE. To summarize the data on the role of vitamin D in functioning human body systems, to analyze the presented multicenter studies of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the occurrence of various diseases and to suggest some preventive measures aimed at compensating when detected.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article reviewed materials of scientific studies devoted to the study of the role of vitamin D in the metabolism of the human body, and gave recommendations, including clinical, on the detection of vitamin D deficiency in adults. The search and analysis of the scientific medical literature was carried out for the period from 2004 to 2025. in databases: scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru, Russian National Library, Fundamental Library of the Military Medical Academy. S. M. Kirova, electronic search engine PubMed. A total of more than 70 publications were analyzed. Keyword queries were: vitamin D deficiency, cholecalciferol, effect of vitamin D on the human body.RESULTS. The analysis of literature sources showed that vitamin D plays an essential role not only in phosphorus-calcium metabolism and skeletal formation, but also in metabolic processes, immunity, and both directly and mediatedly through the mentioned links of pathogenesis related to impaired metabolism and immune response overall somatic morbidity.DISCUSSION. The data obtained as a result of an analytical review of the scientific literature confirm the need to control the blood content of vitamin D levels in specialists of the Navy of the Russian Federation (Navy). When its deficiency is identified, it is necessary to adjust the daily intake of foods that are a source of vitamin D. It is advisable to recommend physical procedures that stimulate the production of vitamin D under artificial ultraviolet exposure. In addition, on an individual basis, periodic use in the daily diet of approved food biologically active supplements containing a source of vitamin D and calcium is possible.CONCLUSION. Understanding the comprehensive effects of vitamin D on the body is necessary for the prevention of its deficiency in surface ship and submarine crews, which aims to reduce the risk of developing general somatic pathology, reduce morbidity and promote the performance of specialists.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.